BRUXISM — commonly known as teeth grinding or jaw clenching — is an often overlooked condition that affects millions of people worldwide, cutting across age, occupation, and lifestyle.
While it may seem harmless at first, untreated bruxism can lead to chronic pain, dental damage, and disrupted sleep. Increasing awareness and early intervention are key to managing this condition effectively.
Health experts classify bruxism into two types: awake bruxism and sleep bruxism.
The former is typically linked to stress, anxiety, or deep concentration, while the latter is considered a sleep-related movement disorder. Dentists and sleep specialists note that many patients are unaware they grind their teeth at night until symptoms — such as headaches, jaw soreness, or worn enamel — begin to surface.
Treatment for bruxism depends on its underlying cause, but most approaches combine behavioral, dental, and medical strategies.
One of the most widely recommended interventions is the use of a custom-fitted mouthguard or night guard. These devices, usually prescribed by dentists, create a protective barrier between the upper and lower teeth, preventing further damage and reducing muscle strain.
Stress management also plays a central role in treatment, particularly for awake bruxism. Techniques such as mindfulness meditation, breathing exercises, and cognitive behavioral therapy have shown promising results in reducing jaw tension.
Mental health professionals emphasize that addressing the root psychological triggers can significantly lessen the frequency and intensity of grinding episodes.
Lifestyle adjustments are another critical component. Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake — especially in the evening — can help minimize nighttime bruxism.
Similarly, establishing a consistent sleep routine improves overall sleep quality, which may reduce involuntary muscle activity during the night.
Physical therapists also recommend jaw exercises and muscle relaxation techniques to alleviate tension in the facial muscles.
In more severe cases, medical intervention may be necessary. Some physicians prescribe muscle relaxants or, in specific cases, botulinum toxin (known commonly as Botox) injections to weaken the jaw muscles temporarily. While these treatments can be effective, they are generally reserved for patients who do not respond to conservative methods.
Dental correction may also be required when bruxism leads to misaligned teeth or bite issues. Procedures such as orthodontics or reshaping of the chewing surfaces can help restore proper alignment and reduce factors that trigger grinding. However, experts caution that such interventions should only be pursued after a thorough evaluation.
Importantly, early diagnosis remains one of the most effective tools in combating bruxism. Regular dental check-ups can help identify early signs, such as enamel wear or gum sensitivity, before they escalate into more serious complications.
As awareness grows, healthcare providers continue to emphasize a holistic approach — one that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition.
Bruxism may not always be preventable, but with the right combination of treatment strategies, its impact can be significantly reduced, preserving both oral health and overall well-being.
***
Dr. Joseph D. Lim, Ed. D., is the former Associate Dean of the College of Dentistry, University of the East; former Dean, College of Dentistry, National University; Past President and Honorary Fellow of the Asian Oral Implant Academy; Honorary Fellow of the Japan College of Oral Implantologists; Honorary Life Member of the Thai Association of Dental Implantology; and Founding Chairman of the Philippine College of Oral Implantologists. For questions on dental health, e-mail jdlim2008@gmail.com or text 0917-8591515.
***
Dr. Kenneth Lester Lim, BS-MMG, DDM, MSc-OI, graduated Doctor of Dental Medicine, University of the Philippines, College of Dentistry, Manila, 2011; Bachelor of Science in Marketing Management, De la Salle University, Manila, 2002; and Master of Science (MSc.) in Oral Implantology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany, 2019. He is an Associate Professor; Fellow, International Congress of Oral Implantologists; and Fellow, Philippine College of Oral Implantologists. For questions on dental health, e-mail limdentalcenter@gmail.com./PN
