THE TEENAGE years bring greater independence, changing routines and new social pressures. They can also be a critical period for oral health.
As adolescents begin making more of their own decisions about food, drinks, hygiene and lifestyle, habits formed during these years can determine whether they enter adulthood with healthy teeth and gums or with preventable dental problems.
Tooth decay remains a major concern for teenagers. Frequent consumption of sugary drinks, candies, desserts and highly processed snacks can expose teeth to acids that contribute to the breakdown of enamel. Soft drinks, energy drinks and flavored beverages can be particularly problematic because they may contain both sugar and acids.
For teenagers, oral hygiene can also become inconsistent. Schoolwork, social activities, sports and late-night use of electronic devices may lead some adolescents to skip brushing, especially at night. The recommended routine remains simple: brush teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and clean between teeth regularly.
Braces and other orthodontic appliances create additional challenges. Food can become trapped around brackets and wires, increasing the risk of plaque buildup, cavities and gum inflammation. Teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment need to be particularly careful about brushing and cleaning between teeth. Following the orthodontist’s instructions can help protect teeth while alignment is being corrected.
Hormonal changes during puberty can also influence the gums. Some teenagers become more susceptible to swollen, tender or bleeding gums because hormonal fluctuations can increase the gums’ response to plaque.
Bleeding during brushing should not simply be dismissed as normal. Persistent bleeding can be a sign of gingivitis and deserves attention from a dental professional.
Teenagers may also engage in behaviors that affect oral health. Smoking and tobacco use can stain teeth, contribute to gum disease and increase the long-term risk of oral cancer. Vaping is sometimes perceived as harmless, but it can expose the mouth to substances that may contribute to dryness and irritation.
Avoiding tobacco and nicotine products is an important part of protecting oral health.
Piercings of the tongue, lips or cheeks can create additional risks. Jewelry can damage teeth, irritate gums and introduce bacteria into the mouth. Any persistent swelling, pain or infection following an oral piercing should be evaluated promptly.
Sports participation presents another concern. Teenagers involved in contact sports can suffer chipped, fractured or knocked-out teeth. Wearing a properly fitted mouthguard can reduce the risk of dental injuries during training and competition.
Regular dental examinations remain important even when teenagers have no obvious symptoms. A dentist can detect early cavities, gum problems, enamel damage and other conditions before they become more serious. Professional advice can also help teenagers understand how diet, hygiene and lifestyle choices affect their mouths.
Perhaps the biggest challenge is encouraging teenagers to take ownership of their oral health. Parents can provide guidance, but adolescents increasingly need to understand that dental care is their own responsibility.
Healthy teeth and gums are not only about appearance. They contribute to comfortable eating, clear speech, confidence and general well-being. For teenagers, establishing consistent oral-health habits today can help prevent painful and expensive problems later in life.
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Dr. Joseph D. Lim, Ed. D., is the former Associate Dean of the College of Dentistry, University of the East; former Dean, College of Dentistry, National University; Past President and Honorary Fellow of the Asian Oral Implant Academy; Honorary Fellow of the Japan College of Oral Implantologists; Honorary Life Member of the Thai Association of Dental Implantology; and Founding Chairman of the Philippine College of Oral Implantologists. For questions on dental health, e-mail jdlim2008@gmail.com or text 0917-8591515.
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Dr. Kenneth Lester Lim, BS-MMG, DDM, MSc-OI, graduated Doctor of Dental Medicine, University of the Philippines, College of Dentistry, Manila, 2011; Bachelor of Science in Marketing Management, De la Salle University, Manila, 2002; and Master of Science (MSc.) in Oral Implantology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany, 2019. He is an Associate Professor; Fellow, International Congress of Oral Implantologists; and Fellow, Philippine College of Oral Implantologists. For questions on dental health, e-mail limdentalcenter@gmail.com./PN
